Mizoram GK, Mizoram Current Gk

Capital	Aizawl
Area	21,081 sq. km
Population	891,058
Sex Ratio	938
Growth Rate	29.18
Literacy	88.80%
Districts	8
Language	Mizo and English

Area : 21,081 sq km State Government Portal
Population : 891,058 District WebSite
Capital : Aizawl
Principal Languages : Mizo and English

History and Geography
Mizoram is a mountainous region, which became the 23rd state of the Indian Union in February 1987. It was one of the districts of Assam till 1972 when it became a Union Territory. After being annexed by the British in 1891, for the first few years, Lushai Hills in the north remained under Assam, while the southern half remained under Bengal. Both these parts were amalgamated in 1898 into one district called Lushai Hills District under the Chief Commissioner of Assam. With the implementation of the North-Eastern Reorganisation Act in 1972, Mizoram became a Union Territory and as a sequel to the signing of the historic memorandum of settlement between the Government of India and the Mizo National Front in 1986, it was granted statehood on 20 February, 1987. Sandwiched between Myanmar in the east and the south, and Bangladesh in the west, Mizoram occupies an area of great strategic importance in the north-eastern corner of India. Mizoram has great natural beauty and an endless variety of landscape. It is rich in fauna and flora.

The origin of the word ‘Mizo’ is not known. The Mizos came under the influence of the British Missionaries in the 19th Century. Now most of the Mizos are Christians. Mizo language has no script of its own. The missionaries introduced the Roman script for the Mizo language and formal education. Literacy in the state has grown rapidly, and Mizoram literacy at 88.8 per cent today, is the second highest in the country. The state government is striving hard to attain the top position in the near future.

Agriculture
About 80 per cent of the people of Mizoram are engaged in agricultural pursuits. The main pattern of agriculture followed is Jhum or Shifting cultivation. Of the total 21 lakh ha. of land estimated, 6.30 lakh hectares of land is available for cultivation of horticulture crops. The existing area under different horticulture crops account for about 4127.6 hectares, which is only 6.55 per cent of the estimated potential area. This indicates the vast scope for horticulture crops to flourish in Mizoram. The main horticulture crops are fruit crops viz. Mandarin Orange, Banana, Passion Fruit, Grapes, Hatkora, Pineapple, Papaya, etc., and flowers like Anthurium, Bird of Paradise, Orchid, Chrysanthemum, Rose and other subsidiary seasonal flowers. Spices like Ginger, Turmeric, Black Pepper and Bird’s eye Chillies are also grown. People have also started extensive cultivation of oilpalm, medicinal and aromatic plants.

Irrigation
The ultimate surface irrigation potential is estimated at 70,000 hectares of which 45,000 hectares is under flow and 25,000 hectares by construction and completing 70 pucca minor irrigation projects and six lift irrigation projects for raising double and triple crops in a year.

Industry
The entire Mizoram is a Notified Backward Area and was categorised under ‘No Industry District’ in mid seventies. With the announcement of State Industrial Policy 1989, few modern small-scale industries have come up during the past decade. To further accelerate growth of industries, a New Industrial Policy of Mizoram was announced in the year 2000. The Policy identified thrust areas like Electronics and Information Technology, Bamboo and Timber based products, Food and Fruit Processing, Textiles, Handloom and Handicrafts, etc.

In order to attract investment from outside the state, the Policy permits joint venture for all large, medium and small scale industries with local partners. Infrastructural development like Industrial Growth Centre (IGC) at Luangmual, Aizawl, Export Promotion Industrial Park (EPIP) at Lengte, Integrated Infrastructural Development Centre (IIDC) at Pukpui, Lunglei and Food Park at Chhingchhip are nearing completion, apart from upgradation of the existing industrial estates.

Scientific cultivation of Tea has also been taken up. Establishment of Apparel Training and Design Centre, Gems cutting and polishing are in the pipeline to encourage setting up of Export Oriented Units (EOUs). Of the cottage industries, Handloom and Handicrafts are given high priority and the two sectors are flourishing to meet consumers demand in the state and in the neighbouring states of Meghalaya, Nagaland, etc.

With the opening up of border trade with Myanmar and Bangladesh, and the ‘Look East Policy’ of the Government of India coupled by peaceful condition of the state, Mizoram will no more be a remote corner state of the country, and as a result of which industrialisation will substantially gain momentum in the near future.

Power
Construction of Tuirial HEP (60 MW) is in progress. Survey and investigation works of Kolodyne HEP (500 MW) is completed by CWC. This project provides inland water transport facilities for the region besides generating 500 MW of power and the Government of Mizoram has given paramount importance to it. 3 MW capacity Tuipanglui and Kau-Tlabung SHPs were commissioned recently thus enhancing the state’s hydro generation by 15 MW capacity. Works on Maicham-II (3MW), Serlui ‘B’ (12MW) and Lamsial (0.5 MW) SHPs are in progress and expected to be commissioned during 2007.

Transport
Total road length in the state is 5,982.25 km (BRO & State PWD). Rail link in the state has been established at Bairabi. Aizawl is connected by air. In order to have a better connectivity, the Government has undertaken the Mizoram State Roads Projects with a total cost of Rs 350 crore under funds provided by the World Bank. Connectivity under PMGSY covering a total length of 2,421 km connecting 384 villages of Mizoram is making steady progress.

Festivals
Mizoram is basically an agriculture-based state. All the activities of Mizos centre around Jhum cultivation, and their festivals are linked with such agricultural operations. Kut is the Mizo word for festival. Mizos have three major festivals called Chapchar Kut, Mim Kut and Pawl Kut.

Tourist Centres
Aizawl is located at nearly 4,000 ft above sea level, and is a religious and cultural centre of Mizoram. Champhai is a beautiful resort on the Myanmar border. Tam Dil, a natural lake with virgin forests, is 60 km from Aizawl and 10 km from Tourist Resort of Saitual. Vantawng Falls, 5 km from hill station Thenzawl, are the highest and most beautiful waterfalls in Mizoram. The Department of Tourism has opened Tourist Lodges at Aizawl, Lunglei, Champhai, Saiha, Lawngtlai and wayside restaurants at Thingdawl, Hnahthial, Kawlkulh, recreational centre at Beraw Tlang and Alpine Picnic Hut at District Park near Zobawk.

Source : http://india.gov.in/knowindia/st_mizoram.php

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General Knowledge of Himachal Pradesh

Capital of Himachal Pradesh: Shimla;

Area of Himachal Pradesh: 55673sq. km.(1991 censes)

No. of Districts in Himachal Pradesh:12

Language Spoken by People in Himachal Pradesh: Hindi and Pahari.

Himachal got the status :Jan 25.1971.

Himachal got 'C' state status: Sept. 1957

When did himachal became Centerally- administered Territory: Nov.1,1956

Bilaspur was include in H.P.: July 1.1954

When was himachal territorial council made: July 1,1963

State first C.M.: Dr. Y.S.Parmar

First chairman of Territorial council: Thakur Karam Singh

Number of state:18th

On the basis of area: 14th

Vidhan sabha seats:68

Lok sabha seats:4

Rajya sabha seats: 3 

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Rajasthan gk

 1 राजस्‍थान का प्रवेश द्वार किसे कहा जाता है
भरतपुर
2 महुआ के पेङ पाये जाते है
अदयपुर व चितैङगढ
3 राजस्‍थान में छप्‍पनिया अकाल किस वर्ष पङा
1956 वि स
4 राजस्‍थान में मानसून वर्षा किस दिशा मे बढती है
दक्षिण पश्चिम से उत्‍तर पूर्व
5 राजस्‍थान में गुरू शिखर चोटी की उचाई कितनी है
1722 मीटर
6 राजस्‍थान में किस शहर को सन सिटी के नाम से जाना जाता है
जोधपुर को
7 राजस्‍थान की आकति है
विषमकोण चतुर्भुज
8 राजस्‍थान के किस जिले का क्षेत्रफल सबसे ज्‍यादा है
जैसलमेर
9 राज्‍य की कुल स्‍थलीय सीमा की लम्‍बाई है
5920 किमी
10 राजस्‍थान का सबसे पूर्वी जिला है
धौलपुर
11 राजस्‍थान का सागवान कौनसा वक्ष कहलाता है
रोहिङा
12 राजस्‍थान के किसा क्षेत्र में सागौन के वन पाये जाते है
दक्षिणी
13 जून माह में सूर्य किस जिले में लम्‍बत चमकता है
बॉसवाङा
14 राजस्‍थान में पूर्ण मरूस्‍थल वाले जिलें हैंा
जैसलमेर, बाडमेर
15 राजस्‍‍थान के कौनसे भाग में सर्वाधिक वर्षा होती है
दक्षिणी-पूर्वी
16 राजस्‍थान में सर्वाधिक तहसीलों की संख्‍या किस जिले में है
जयपुर
17 राजस्‍थान में सर्वप्रथम सूर्योदय किस जिले में होता है
धौलपुर
18 उङिया पठार किस जिले में स्थित है
सिरोही
19 राजस्‍थान में किन वनों का अभाव है
शंकुधारी वन
20 राजस्‍थान के क्षेत्रफल का कितना भू-भाग रेगिस्‍तानी है
लगभग दो-तिहाई
21 राजस्‍थान के पश्चिम भाग में पाये जाने वाला सर्वाधिक विषैला सर्प
पीवणा सर्प
22 राजस्‍थान के पूर्णतया वनस्‍पति रहित क्षेत्र
समगॉव (जैसलमेर)
23 राजस्‍थान के किस जिले में सूर्य किरणों का तिरछापन सर्वाधिक होता है
श्रीगंगानगर
24 राजस्‍थान का क्षेतफल इजरायल से कितना गुना है
17 गुना बङा है
25 राजस्‍थान की 1070 किमी लम्‍बी पाकिस्‍तान से लगी सिमा रेखा का नाम
रेडक्लिफ रेखा
26 कर्क रेखा राजस्‍थान के किस जिले से छूती हुई गुजरती है
डूंगरपुर व बॉसवाङा से होकर
27 राजस्‍थान में जनसंख्‍या की द़ष्टि से सबसे बङा जिला
जयपुर
28 थार के रेगिस्‍तान के कुल क्षेत्रफल का कितना प्रतिशत राजस्‍थान में है
58 प्रतिशत
29 राजस्‍थान के रेगिस्‍तान में रेत के विशाल लहरदार टीले को क्‍या कहते है
धोरे
30 राजस्‍थान का एकमात्र जीवाश्‍म पार्क स्थित है
आकलगॉव (जैसलमेर)




राजस्‍थान सामान्‍य ज्ञान (धार्मिक विश्‍वास, सम्‍परदाय, संत, कवि, लोक देवता एंव लोक देवियां)
1    राजस्‍थान में लोक देवता और संतों की जन्‍म एवं कर्म स्‍थली के लिए प्रसिध्‍द है
   - नागौर
    > नागौर की वीर और भक्ति रस के संगम स्‍थल के रूप में भी जाना जाता है

2    तेजाजी का विवाह कहां के नरेश की पुत्री से हुआ था
   -पनेर (अजमेर)

> तेजाजी का विवाह पनेर नरेश रामचन्‍द की पुत्री पैमल से हुआ था

3    लोक देवता की राज्‍य क्रांति का जनक माना जाता है
देवनारायण जी
    >देवमाली-आसींद के पास देवनारायण का प्रमुख तीर्थ स्‍थल है

4    चौबीस बाणियां किस लोकदेवता से संवंधित पुस्‍तक/ग्रन्‍थ है
-रामदेवजी

>रामदेवजी का वाहन नीला घोङा था, रामदेवरा में रामदेवजी का मेला लगता है

5    संत रैदास किसके शिष्‍य थे
संत रामानन्‍द जी के

>संत रैदास मीरां के गुरू थे

6    कौन से संत राजस्‍थान के न्रसिंह के नाम से जाने जाते हे
-भक्‍त कवि दुर्लभ जी

> कवि बागङ क्षेत्र के संत है

7    संत रज्‍जनबजी की प्रधान गद्दी है
सांगानेर में
>संत रज्‍जबती भी संत दादूजी के शिष्‍य थे, जीवन भर दूल्‍हे के वेश में रहने वाले संत रज्‍जब ही थे

8    लोक संत पीपाली की गुफा किस जिले में है
-झालावाङ में
>राजस्‍थान के लोक संत पीपाजी का विशाल मेला समदङी ग्राम में लगता है

9    मेव जाति से संबंध वाले संत है
लालदासजी
>लालदास जी सम्‍प्रदाय के प्रवर्तक लालदास जी ही है

10    भौमिया जी को किस रूम में जाना जाता है
-भूमि के रक्षक
    >संत धन्‍ना राजस्‍थान में टोंक जिले के धुवन में हुआ था

11    राजस्‍थान में बरसात का लोक देवता निम्‍नलिखित में से किस देवता को माना जाता है
-मामा देव
    >मांगलियों के इष्‍ट देवत मेहाजी है,

12    संत जसनाथजी का जन्‍म किस जिले में हुआ था
-बीकानेर
>जसनाथी सम्‍प्रदाय के कुल 36 नियम है

13    दादूपंथी सम्‍प्रदाय की प्रमुख गद्दी स्थित है
-नरैना (जयपुर) में
>दादूदयाल का जन्‍म गुजरात में हुआ था

14    किस लोक देवता कामङिया पंथ की स्‍थापना की थी
बाबा रामदेवजी ने
> रामदेवजी जाति प्रथा का विराध करते थे, बाबा रामदेव का जन्‍म बाङमेर जिले की शिव तहसील में उण्‍डू -कश्‍मीर गांव में हुआ था

15    किस लोक देवता को जाहिर पीर के नाम से जाना जाता है
-गोगाजी को
    >गोगाजी को मुस्ल्मि सम्‍प्रदाय के लोग गोगा पीर कहते है, इन्‍हें राजस्‍थान में पंचपीरों में गिना जाता है, गोगामेङी हनुमानगढ मेला भरता है

16    वीर बग्‍गाजी का जन्‍म किस जिले में हुआ था
-बीकानेर में
>बीर बग्‍गाजी का जन्‍म बीकानेर जिले के जांगलू गांव में हुआ था

17    आलमजी की राजस्‍थान के किस में लोकदेवता के रूप में पूजा जाता है
-बाङमेर में
> आलमजी को बाङमेर जिले के मालाणी प्रदेश में राङधरा क्षेत्र में लोक देवता के रूप में पूजा जाता है

18    जाम्‍भेजी लोक देवता का प्रसिध्‍द स्‍थान कौनसा है
-संभारथाल बीकानरे

19    रामदेवजी लोक देवता का प्रसिध्‍द स्‍थान कौनसा है
-खेङापा जोधपुर

20    गोगाजी लोक देवता का प्रसिध्‍द स्‍थाल कौनसा है
-गोगामेङी हनुमानगढ





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Rajasthan General Knowledge राजस्थान - भौगोलिक और आर्थिक परिप्रेक्ष्य

राजस्थान की चोहरी इसे एक पतंगाकार आकृति प्रदान करता है। राज्य २३ ^० से ३० ^० अक्षांश और ६९ ^० से ७८ ^० देशान्तर के बीच स्थित है। इसके उत्तर में पाकिस्तान, पंजाब और हरियाणा, दक्षिण में मध्यप्रदेश और गुजरात, पूर्व में उत्तर प्रदेश और मध्यप्रदेश एवं पश्चिम में पाकिस्तान है।
सिरोही से अलवर की ओर जाती हुई ४८० कि.मी. लम्बी अरावली पर्वत श्रृंखला प्राकृतिक दृष्टि से राज्य को दो भागों में विभाजित करती है। राजस्थान का पूर्वी सम्भाग शुरु से ही उपजाऊ रहा है। इस भाग में वर्षा का औसत ५० से.मी. से ९० से.मी. तक है। राजस्थान के निर्माण के पश्चात् चम्बल और माही नदी पर बड़े-बड़े बांध और विद्युत गृह बने हैं, जिनसे राजस्थान को सिंचाई और बिजली की सुविधाएं उपलब्ध हुई है। अन्य नदियों पर भी मध्यम श्रेणी के बांध बने हैं। जिनसे हजारों हैक्टर सिंचाई होती है। इस भाग में ताम्बा, जस्ता, अभ्रक, पन्ना, घीया पत्थर और अन्य खनिज पदार्थों के विशाल भण्डार पाये जाते हैं।
राज्य का पश्चिमी संभाग देश के सबसे बड़े रेगिस्तान "थारपाकर' का भाग है। इस भाग में वर्षा का औसत १२ से.मी. से ३० से.मी. तक है। इस भाग में लूनी, बांड़ी आदि नदियां हैं, जो वर्षा के कुछ दिनों को छोड़कर प्राय: सूखी रहती हैं। देश की स्वतंत्रता से पूर्व बीकानेर राज्य गंगानहर द्वारा पंजाब की नदियों से पानी प्राप्त करता था। स्वतंत्रता के बाद राजस्थान इण्डस बेसिन से रावी और व्यास नदियों से ५२.६ प्रतिशत पानी का भागीदार बन गया। उक्त नदियों का पानी राजस्थान में लाने के लिए सन् १९५८ में राजस्थान नहर (अब इंदिरा गांधी नहर) की विशाल परियोजना शुरु की गई। यह परियोजना सन् २००५ तक सम्पूर्ण होगी। इस परियोजना पर ३००० करोड़ रु. व्यय होने का अनुमान है। इस समय इस पर १६०० करोड़ रु. व्यय हो चुके हैं। अब तक ६४९ कि.मी. लम्बी मुख्य नहर पूरी हो चुकी है। नहर की वितरिका प्रणाली लगभग ९००० कि.मी. होगी, इनमें से ६००० कि.मी. वितरिकाएं बन चुकी है। इस समय १० लाख हैक्टेयर भूमि परियोजना के सिंचाई क्षेत्र में आ गई है। परियोजना के पूरी होने के बाद क्षेत्र की कुल १५.७९ लाख हैक्टेयर भूमि सिंचाई से लाभान्वित होगी, जिससे ३५ लाख टन खाद्यान्न, ३ लाख टन वाणिज्यिक फसलें एवं ६० लाख टन घास उत्पन्न होगी। परियोजना क्षेत्र में कुल ५ लाख परिवार बसेंगे। जोधपुर, बीकानेर, चुरु एवं बाड़मेर जिलों के नगर और कई गांवों को नहर से विभिन्न "लिफ्ट परियोजनाओं' से पहुंचाये गये पीने का पानी उपलब्ध होगा। इस प्रकार राजस्थान के रेगिस्तान का एक बड़ा भाग शस्य श्यामला भूमि में बदल जायेगा। सूरतगढ़ में यह नजारा इस समय भी देखा जा सकता है।
इण्डस बेसिन की नदियों पर बनाई जाने वाली जल-विद्युत योजनाओं में भी राजस्थान भागीदार है। इसे इस समय भाखरा-नांगल और अन्य योजनाओं के कृषि एवं औद्योगिक विकास में भरपूर सहायता मिलती है। राजस्थान नहर परियोजना के अलावा इस भाग में जवाई नदी पर निर्मित एक बांध है, जिससे न केवल विस्तृत क्षेत्र में सिंचाई होती है, वरन् जोधपुर नगर को पेय जल भी प्राप्त होता है। यह सम्भाग अभी तक औद्योगिक दृष्टि से पिछड़ा हुआ है। पर इस क्षेत्र में ज्यो-ज्यों बिजली और पानी की सुविधाएं बढ़ती जायेंगी औद्योगिक विकास भी गति पकड़ लेगा। इस बाग में लिग्नाइट, फुलर्सअर्थ, टंगस्टन, बैण्टोनाइट, जिप्सम, संगमरमर आदि खनिज पदार्थ प्रचुर मात्रा में पाये जाते हैं। जैसलमेर क्षेत्र में तेल मिलने की अच्छी सम्भावनाएं हैं। हाल ही की खुदाई से पता चला है कि इस क्षेत्र में उच्च कि की गैस प्रचुर मात्रा में उपलब्ध है। अब वह दिन दूर नहीं है जबकि राजस्थान का यह भाग भी समृद्धिशाली बन जाएगा।
राज्य का क्षेत्रफल ३.४२ लाख वर्ग कि.मी. है जो भारत के क्षेत्रफल का १०.४० प्रतिशत है। यह भारत का सबसे बड़ा राज्य है। वर्ष १९९६-९७ में राज्य में गांवों की संख्या ३७८८९ और नगरों तथा कस्बों की संख्या २२२ थी। राज्य में ३२ जिला परिषदें, २३५ पंचायत समितियां और ९१२५ ग्राम पंचायतें हैं। नगर निगम २ और सभी श्रेणी की नगरपालिकाएं १८० हैं।
सन् १९९१ की जनगणना के अनुसार राज्य की जनसंख्या ४.३९ करोड़ थी। जनसंखाय घनत्व प्रति वर्ग कि.मी. १२६ है। इसमें पुरुषों की संख्या २.३० करोड़ और महिलाओं की संख्या २.०९ करोड़ थी। राज्य में दशक वृद्धि दर २८.४४ प्रतिशत थी, जबकि भारत में यह दर २३.५६ प्रतिशत थी। राज्य में साक्षरता ३८.८१ प्रतिशत थी. जबकि भारत की साक्षरता तो केवल २०.८ प्रतिशत थी जो देश के अन्य राज्यों में सबसे कम थी। राज्य में अनुसूचित जाति एवं अनुसूचित जनजाति राज्य की कुल जनसंख्या का क्रमश: १७.२९ प्रतिशत और १२.४४ प्रतिशत है।
१९९६-९७ के अन्त में प्राथमिक विद्यालय ३३८९, उच्च प्राथमिक विद्यालय १२,६९२, माध्यमिक विद्यालय ३५०१ और वरिष्ठ माध्यमिक विद्यालय १४०४ थे। उच्च शिक्षा के क्षेत्र में विश्वविद्यालय ६, "डीम्ड' विश्वविद्यालय ४, कला वाणिज्य और विज्ञान महाविद्यालय २३१, इंजीनियकिंरग कॉलेज ७, मेडिकल कॉलेज ६, आयुर्वेद महाविद्यालय ५ और पोलीटेक्निक २४ हैं। राज्य में हॉस्पिटल २९, डिस्पेंसरियां २७८, प्राथमिक स्वास्थ्य केन्द्र १६१६, सामुदायिक स्वास्थ्य केन्द्र २६१, शहरी सहायता केन्द्र १३, उपकेन्द्र ९४००, मातृ एवं शिशु कल्याण केन्द्र ११८ एवं अन्तरोगी शैय्या में ३६७०२ हैं। आयुर्वेद औषधालयो की संख्या ३५७१ और होम्योपैथी चिकित्सालयों की संख्या १४६८ और भ्रमणशील पशु चिकित्सालयों की संख्या ५३ है।
राज्य में पशुधन की संख्या ६ करोड़ से अधिक है। राज्य के सभी नगर एवं ३७,२७४ गांव सुरक्षित पेय जल योजना के अन्तर्गत आ चुके हैं। राज्य में सड़कों की कुल लम्बाई १,३८,००० कि.मी. थी और वाहनों की संख्या १९.८ लाख थी। इनमें कारों और जीपों की संख्या १,६० लाख थी।
१९९६-९७ में राज्य का सकल घरेलू उत्पाद स्थिर कीमतों पर लगभग १२४२० करोड़ रु. और सुद्ध घरेलू उत्पाद ११,०२१ करोड़ रु का था। राज्य में प्रति व्यक्ति आय २,२३२ रु. थी। उक्त वर्ष राज्य में खाद्यान्न उत्पाद १२७०२ लाख टन था और तिलहन तथा कपास का उत्पादन क्रमश: ४० लाख टन और १२.९५ लाख गांठें थी। राज्य में फसलों के अन्तर्गत कुल १७५ लाख हैक्टेयर क्षेत्र था। इसका २९ प्रतिशत सिंचित क्षेत्र था।
राज्य में १९९६ में शक्कर का उत्पादन ३१ हजार टन, वनस्पति घी का ३० हजार टन, नमक का ११ लाख टन, सीमेन्ट का ६६ लाख टन, सूती कपडे का ४५७ लाख मीटर और पोलिएस्टर धागे का उत्पादन ११५०० टन हुआ। प्रदेश में १९९६ में सार्वजनिक क्षेत्र में १०.१० लाख और निजी क्षेत्र में २.५६ लाख व्यक्ति कार्यरत थे। राज्य में बैंकों की कुल शाखाएं ३२१७ थीं, जिनमें क्षेत्रीय ग्रामीण बैंकों की १०७० शाखाएं शामिल हैं।

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Mizoram General Knowledge

Capital	Aizawl
Area	21,081 sq. km
Population	891,058
Sex Ratio	938
Growth Rate	29.18
Literacy	88.80%
Districts	8
Language	Mizo and English

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Andhra Pradesh Current Affairs,Andhra Pradesh current GK,Andhra Pradesh Geography,Andhra Pradesh GK,Andhra Pradesh History,Andhra Pradesh news,Andhra Pradesh Tourist,State of India

Andhra Pradesh Current Affairs,Andhra Pradesh current GK,Andhra Pradesh Geography,Andhra Pradesh GK,Andhra Pradesh History,Andhra Pradesh news,Andhra Pradesh Tourist,State of India

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Haryana GK

Haryana Objective GK

1. At which of the following place was the famous battle of Panipat fought?
(A) Kurukshetra
(B) Sirsa
(C) Panipat
(D) Jind
Ans : (A)

2. In 1526 the famous battle between Babar and Ibrahim Lodi was fought at—
(A) Kurukshetra
(B) Rewari
(C) Panipat
(D) Patiali
Ans : (C)

3. When was the famous battle of Panipat fought?
(A) 1539
(B) 1556
(C) 1565
(D) 1576
Ans : (B)

4. The third battle of Panipat was fought between—
(A) Ahmad Shah Abdali and Maratha rulers
(B) Nadir Shah and Mohd. Shah
(C) Prithvi Raj Chauhan and Mohd. Gauri
(D) Sher Khan and Humayun
Ans : (A)

5. At which place of Haryana did Lord Krishna preach the message of Geeta ?
(A) Ambala
(B) Sonipat
(C) Yamuna Nagar
(D) Kurukshetra
Ans : (D)

6. In 1947 when India was declared Independent, which of the following States was Haryana a part?
(A) Delhi
(B) Himachal Pradesh
(C) Punjab
(D) Jammu Kashmir
Ans : (C)

7. When was the State of Haryana formed?
(A) 1st Nov., 1966
(B) 10th Dec., 1966
(C) 2nd Jan., 1967
(D) 4th March, 1967
Ans : (A)

8. With how many states does the boundary of Haryana touch?
(A) 4
(B) 5
(C) 6
(D) 7
Ans : (B)

9. Which one of the following union Territories touches the boundary of Haryana ?
(A) Lakshadweep
(B) Pondicherry
(C) New Delhi
(D) All the three
Ans : (C)

10. What is the total area of Haryana ?
(A) 44,212 km2
(B) 46,213 km2
(C) 48,314 km2
(D) 52,276 km2
Ans : (A)

11. How many districts are there in Haryana ?
(A) 19
(B) 25
(C) 28
(D) 32
Ans : (A)

12. As per census of 2001 the total population of Haryana is—
(A) 1,91,72,483 persons
(B) 2,11,44,564 persons
(C) 2,40,82,988 persons
(D) 2,64,44,271 persons
Ans : (B)

13. What is the percentage of country's population in Haryana ?
(A) 2%
(B) 2.50%
(C) 4%
(D) 6%
Ans : (A)

14. In which of the districts of Haryana is the H.M.T. factory situated?
(A) Patiala
(B) Ambala
(C) Jind
(D) Faridabad
Ans : (B)

15. Where is the Atlas Industry in Haryana situated?
(A) Sonipat
(B) Gurgaon
(C) Hisar
(D) Panchkula
Ans : (A)

16. Which one of the following is situated in Gurgaon of Haryana ?
(A) Manufacturing of Rajdoot Motor Cycle
(B) Manufacturing of Maruti Cars
(C) Manufacturing of Tata-Sumo
(D) All the above
Ans : (B)

17. In which district of Haryana is Rajdoot Motor Cycle manufactured ?
(A) Hisar
(B) Karnal
(C) Ambala
(D) Faridabad
Ans : (D)

18. Odinance regarding the prohibition of alcohol was passed on 1st July, 1996. Later on it was withdrawn on—
(A) 1st April, 1998
(B) 1st April, 1997
(C) 1st June, 1998
(D) 1st Aug., 1997
Ans : (A)

19. In which of the following years was each village of Haryana electrified?
(A) In 1968
(B) In 1970
(C) In 1972
(D) In 1976
Ans : (B)

20. According to 2001 census what is the percentage of Literacy in Haryana ?
(A) 62.40%
(B) 55.85%
(C) 65.72%
(D) 67.9%
Ans : (D)

21. Where has the National Research Institute in Haryana been established?
(A) At Sirsa
(B) At Kurushetra
(C) At Karnal
(D) At Jind
Ans : (C)

22. Which of the following Central Territory is the capital of Haryana ?
(A) Chandigarh
(B) Pondicherry
(C) New Delhi
(D) Lakshadweep
Ans : (A)

23. Which one of the following folk dances belongs to Haryana ?
(A) Baoul
(B) Yaksha-Gaan
(C) Gidda
(D) Biehu
Ans : (C)

24. Which of the following Indian players belongs to Haryana ?
(A) Sunil Gavaskar
(B) Kapil Dev
(C) Sachin Tandulkar
(D) Azharudeen
Ans : (B)

25. The turban, worn by males in Haryana is known as—
(A) Toda
(B) Muretha
(C) Paggar
(D) Khandwa
Ans : (D)

26. Where is Chaudhary Charan Singh University located at Haryana ?
(A) Hisar
(B) Kaithal
(C) Jhajjar
(D) Gurgaon
Ans : (A)

27. Which city of Haryana is known as 'City of Weavers' ?
(A) Mahendragarh
(B) Fatehabad
(C) Karnal
(D) Panipat
Ans : (D)

28. Of which of the following kings' was Thaneshwar city of Haryana the capital?
(A) Kanishka
(B) Harshwardhan
(C) Chandra Gupta Maurya
(D) Samrat Ashok
Ans : (B)

29. The glory and strength of which of the cities of Haryana was discussed in the book written by Chinese traveller Huen-Tsang?
(A) Thaneshwar
(B) Patiala
(C) Mahendragarh
(D) Kurukshetra
Ans : (A)

30. In which district of Haryana is the 'Badkhal Lake' situated?
(A) Hisar
(B) Jind
(C) Sirsa
(D) Faridabad
Ans : (D)

31. Where is the biggest animal husbandry farm of Asia situated at Haryana ?
(A) Ambala
(B) Bhiwani
(C) Hisar
(D) Rohtak
Ans : (C)

32. Not only to check the growth of population, but also to improve the male female ratio, which of the following projects is being launched by the state government?
(A) Devi-Rupak-Project
(B) Indra-Hareli-Saheli-Project
(C) Farlo project
(D) Bhagyodaya
Ans : (A)

33. Which project is being launched in Haryana for the welfare of poor girls?
(A) Apni-Beti-Apna-Dhan
(B) Apni-Beti-Paraya Dhan
(C) Paraya Dhan-Paraie Beti
(D) Indra-Saheli-Project
Ans : (A)

34. At which of the pilgrimage centres was the message of Geeta preached by Krishna to Arjun ?
(A) At Markandey Tirth
(B) Jyotisar Sarover
(C) Brahm Sarovar
(D) Kaleshwar Tirth
Ans : (B)

35. In which city of Haryana was the great epic Mahabharat written by Ved Vyas?
(A) Hisar
(B) Sonipat
(C) Yamuna-Nagar
(D) Kurukshetra
Ans : (D)

36. Where is the Motilal Nehru sports school situated at Haryana ?
(A) Rai (Sonipat)
(B) Pataudi (Gurgaon)
(C) Thanesar (Kurukshetra)
(D) Morni (Ambala)
Ans : (A)

37. According to 2001 census of India, which district of Haryana has the highest density?
(A) Panipat
(B) Panchkula
(C) Rohtak
(D) Faridabad
Ans : (D)

38. According to 2001 census which of the following districts of Haryana has the lowest density ?
(A) Sirsa
(B) Karnal
(C) Jhajjar
(D) Rewari
Ans : (A)

39. Santosh Yadav, the only woman in the world, who climbed twice the Mt. Everest belongs to which state?
(A) Punjab
(B) Haryana
(C) Himachal Pradesh
(D) Jammu Kashmir
Ans : (B)

40. Which place of Haryana was the political as well as social working place of freedom fighter Lala Lajpat Rai ?
(A) Ambala
(B) Jhajjar
(C) Jind
(D) Hisar
Ans : (D)

41. Into how many divisions has Haryana been divided?
(A) Three divisions
(B) Four divisions
(C) Six divisions
(D) Eight divisions
Ans : (B)

42. Being famous in the production of Basmati rice, which district of Haryana is known as "Dhan-ka-katora".
(A) Sirsa
(B) Karnal
(C) Panchkula
(D) Jind
Ans : (B)

43. From the point of view of population, what is the rank of Haryana in the country?
(A) 14th
(B) 15th
(C) 16th
(D) 18th
Ans : (C)

44. Who was the founder of Haryana Vikas Party?
(A) Chaudhary Devi Lal
(B) Chaudhary Bansi Lal
(C) Chaudhary Bhajan Lal
(D) All the above
Ans : (B)

45. Where is the High Court of Haryana functioning?
(A) Patiala
(B) Chandigarh
(C) Sirsa
(D) Gurgaon
Ans : (B)

46. How many total No. of seats are there in Haryana's Assembly?
(A) 75
(B) 80
(C) 85
(D) 90
Ans : (D)

47. Who appoints the Advocate General of the State?
(A) President with the consent of Governor
(B) Governor with the consent of Chief Minister
(C) Governor himself
(D) None of them
Ans : (C)

48. Who appoints the members of the State Public Service Commission?
(A) Chief Minister of the State
(B) Governor
(C) President on the recommendation of the Governor
(D) Prime Minister on the recommendation of the Governor
Ans : (B)

49. How many seats are allotted to the members of Rajya Sabha from Haryana State?
(A) 5
(B) 8
(C) 10
(D) 12
Ans : (A)

50. How many seats are allotted to the lower house of Parliament from Haryana State?
(A) 8
(B) 10
(C) 14
(D) 18
Ans : (B)

51. Who is the constitutional Head of the State Government?
(A) Governor
(B) Chief Minister
(C) Chief Justice of India
(D) None of the above
Ans : (A)

52. The chairman of the state public service commission in appointed by—
(A) President
(B) Prime Minister
(C) Chief Minister
(D) Governor
Ans : (D)

53. At the time of appointing the judges of The High Court—
(A) President takes the advice of Chief Minister
(B) President takes the advice of Chief Justice
(C) President consults the Governor
(D) President works on his own judgement own
Ans : (C)

54. In whose name is the budget of the next financial year produced in the state Legislative Assembly?
(A) In the name of the President
(B) In the name of the Prime Minister
(C) In the name of the Chairman of Legislative Assembly
(D) None of these
Ans : (A)

55. In which article of the Indian Constitution is the provision of the State Public Service Commission?
(A) Article-315
(B) Article-317
(C) Article-319
(D) Article-323
Ans : (A)

56. Governor appoints the District Magistrate—
(A) With the consent of the Central Govt.
(B) With the consent of President
(C) With the consent of Prime Minister
(D) With the consent of the council of Ministers the state
Ans : (D)

57. Whom among the following has the Governor no right to appoint?
(A) Chief Minister
(B) Members of the State Public Service Commission
(C) Judges of the State High Court
(D) Advocate General
Ans : (C)

58. Kalpna Chawla died in the space mission on—
(A) 1st Jan., 2003
(B) 5th Feb., 2003
(C) 3rd Feb., 2003
(D) 1st Feb., 2003
Ans : (D)

59. The first state of the country where all the village are electrified—
(A) Orissa
(B) Punjab
(C) Haryana
(D) Himachal Pradesh
Ans : (C)

60. Where is the Headquarters of Mahendargarh district in Haryana ?
(A) Narnaul
(B) Karnal
(C) Kaithal
(D) Bhiwani
Ans : (A)

61. Which unique project is being launched in Haryana to raise the standard of female children in Haryana ?
(A) Indra-Harelli-Saheli-Yojna
(B) Apni Beti-Apna dhan-Yojna
(C) Indra Sahara-Yojna
(D) All the above
Ans : (B)

62. First time the President's rule was imposed in Haryana—
(A) 21st Nov., 1967
(B) 30th April, 1977
(C) 2nd Dec., 1989
(D) 6th April, 1991
Ans : (A)

63. Who is famous with the name of Haryana Kesari ?
(A) Pt. Neki Ram Sharma
(B) Devi Lal
(C) Bansi Lal
(D) Bhagwat Dayal Sharma
Ans : (A)

64. When was Ambala established as a cantonment area (Military base) ?
(A) In 1839
(B) In 1841
(C) In 1843
(D) In 1848
Ans : (C)

65. Who was the fIrst Governor of Haryana ?
(A) B. N. Chakravorty
(B) R. S. Narula
(C) Dhanik Lal MandaI
(D) Dharam Veer
Ans : (D)

66. Who was the first Chief Minister of Haryana ?
(A) Banarsi Das Gupta
(B) Rao Virendra Singh
(C) Bhajan Lal
(D) Bhagwat Dayal Sharma
Ans : (D)

67. In which district of Haryana is the Mohar Singh Stadium (Mayur) situated?
(A) Faridabad
(B) Ambala
(C) Kurushetra
(D) Yamuna-Nagar
Ans : (A)

68. Which breed of buffaloes is famous in Haryana?
(A) Turra
(B) Murra
(C) Chaspa
(D) Pushpa
Ans : (B)

69. When was Bhiwani textile mill establised at Haryana?
(A) 1932
(B) 1937
(C) 1943
(D) 1948
Ans : (B)

70. Which district of Haryana ranks first in the production of mustard?
(A) Mahendragarh
(B) Faridabad
(C) Rohtak
(D) Panipat
Ans : (A)

71. For which of the following industries is Rewari district of Haryana famous in India—
(A) Brass Utensils Industry
(B) Tilla Shoe Industry
(C) Hero-Honda-Motor Cycle Industry
(D) All the above
Ans : (D)

72. Which article manufactured in Haryana is exported to foreign countries?
(A) Brass Utensils
(B) Paint
(C) Liberty Shoes
(D) Wooden Furniture
Ans : (C)

73. Which of the following factories are established at Faridabad ?
(A) Rubber Tyre
(B) Tractor
(C) Refrigerator
(D) All these
Ans : (D)

74. Who constructed the famous 'Sarveshwar Mahadeo Temple' at Kurukshetra ?
(A) J. K. Birla
(B) Baba Tarak Nath
(C) Baba Sarwan Nath
(D) Baba Shivgiri
Ans : (C)

75. Where is the famous and old temple of Sita Mata established at Haryana ?
(A) Gurgaon
(B) Hisar
(C) Narnaul
(D) Rohtak
Ans : (A)

76. At which place of Haryana did a battle between Mohd. Gauri and Prithvi Raj Chauhan take place in Medieval period of 1191 and 1192 ?
(A) Gharonda
(B) Tarawari
(C) Asandh
(D) Nising
Ans : (B)

77. The tomb of Ibrahim Lodi is situated at—
(A) Panipat
(B) Gurgaon
(C) Mahendragarh
(D) Rohtak
Ans : (A)

78. Haryana is bounded by—
(A) Himachal Pradesh in the North, Uttar Pradesh and Delhi in the east, Rajasthan in the South and South-East and Punjab and Chandigarh in the North-West
(B) Himachal Pradeshin the East, Chhattisgarh in the North, Punjab in the South and Uttar Pradesh in the West
(C) Jammu Kashmir in the West, Punjab in the East, Uttar Pradesh in the North and Uttaranchal in the South
(D) None of these
Ans : (A)

79. Haryana State is the—
(A) Southern State
(B) North-Western State
(C) Eastern State
(D) South-Eastern-State
Ans : (B)

80. Palwal city of Haryana is in which district of the state?
(A) Panchkula
(B) Fatehabad
(C) Yamuna-Nagar
(D) Faridabad
Ans : (D)

81. Who is the present Governor of Haryana ?
(A) Babu Permanand
(B) T. V. Rajeshwar
(C) Kailash Pati Misra
(D) A. R. Kidwai
Ans : (D)

82. First novel written in Haryanbi language is—
(A) Heru-ki-Kahin
(B) Dan Lila
(C) Surahi Gaiya
(D) Jharufiri
Ans : (D)

83. Who was the founder of Vishal-Haryana Party of Haryana ?
(A) Rao Virendra Singh
(B) Om Prakash Chautala
(C) Hukum Singh
(D) Bhagwat Dayal Sharma
Ans : (A)

84. In which part of Haryana are the Siwalik Ranges situated?
(A) South-Eastern
(B) North-Western
(C) North-East
(D) South-West
Ans : (C)

85. "Banwali" the main land of Indus civilization is situated in which district of Haryana—
(A) Hisar
(B) Rewari
(C) Faridabad
(D) Panchkula
Ans : (A)

86. Haryana day is celebrated—
(A) 1st Nov.
(B) 13th Nov.
(C) 1st Dec.
(D) 8th Dec.
Ans : (A)

87. Which state of the country is famous as 'Land of Milk and Curd'—
(A) Himachal Pradesh
(B) Uttaranchal
(C) Haryana
(D) Punjab
Ans : (C)

88. Where is the Bata Shoe manufacturing factory situated in Haryana ?
(A) Panipat
(B) Faridabad
(C) Bhiwani
(D) Palwal
Ans : (B)

89. Total forested area in Haryana is—
(A) 964 km2
(B) 6940 km2
(C) 2440 km2
(D) 4230 km2
Ans : (A)

90. The working field of famous Nawab Pataudi is—
(A) Literature (Poetry)
(B) Amphitheatre
(C) Sports (Cricket)
(D) Politics
Ans : (C)

91. Mithathal famous for the remains of Indus civilization is situated in—
(A) Jind district
(B) Hisar district
(C) Bhiwani district
(D) All these
Ans : (C)

92. Where is the Manzi Shaib Gurudwara situated?
(A) Kaithal
(B) Jhajjar
(C) Fatehabad
(D) Rewari
Ans : (A)

93. The maximum area in the district of Haryana is—
(A) Ambala
(B) Gurgaon
(C) Bhiwani
(D) Sonipat
Ans : (C)

94. According to population of 2001, Faridabad district ranks first in the state, its population is—
(A) 21,94,586
(B) 24,40,396
(C) 32,80,160
(D) 34,30,264
Ans : (A)

95. Geeta Jutsi the famous player of Haryana is associated with—
(A) Chess
(B) Weight Lifting
(C) Lawn Tennis
(D) Atheletics
Ans : (D)

96. Which of the following dance is performed by women?
(A) Teej dance
(B) Umru dance
(C) Loor dance
(D) Manjeera dance
Ans : (A)

97. Where is the Panchwati pilgrim place situated in Faridabad ?
(A) Palwal
(B) Hodal
(C) Ballabhgarh
(D) None of these
Ans : (A)

98. Which ancestor king of emperor Harshvardhan made the construction of Thaneshwar Mahadev temple near Thaneshwar city?
(A) Prabhakar Vardhan
(B) Nar Vardhan
(C) Puniya Bhuti
(D) Adithya Vardhan
Ans : (C)

99. Which Tomb has been declared as National heritage under the archaeological land and remnants act 1958 ?
(A) Sheikh Fareed
(B) Sheikh-Chehli
(C) Ibrahim Abdullah
(D) Ali Shah Kalander
Ans : (B)

100. In which district is the Tomb of Gulam ruler Rajia Sultana situated?
(A) Ambala
(B) Karnal
(C) Kaithal
(D) Faridabad
Ans : (C)

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Rajasthan GK

Rajasthan GK, Rajasthan GK Quiz, About Rajasthan,Rajasthan,Rajasthan Current Affairs,Rajasthan current GK,Rajasthan General Knowledge,Rajasthan Geography,Rajasthan GK,Rajasthan History,Rajasthan Tourist,State of India

Rajasthan GK Quiz

1. अकबर ने चित्तौड़ पर कब आक्रमण कर कब्जा किया?

Ans. 1567 ई. में

2. अकबर के चित्तौड़ पर आक्रमण के समय किसके नेतृत्व में हजारों राजपूतों ने मुगल सेना का मुकाबला किया?

Ans. वीर जयमल और पत्ता ने

3. महाराणा प्रताप का राजतिलक कब व कहाँ हुआ?

Ans. 1572 ई. में गोगुंदा में

4. राणा प्रताप और अकबर की सेना के मध्य हल्दीघाटी का प्रसिद्ध युद्ध किस दिन प्रारंभ हुआ?

Ans. 18 जून 1576 को

5. हल्दीघाटी के युद्ध में किस मैदान में राणा प्रताप मुगल सेना से घिर गए थे?

Ans. खमनोर गाँव के रक्त तलाई के मैदान में

6. हल्दीघाटी युद्ध में शहीद हुए राणा प्रताप के सेनापति पठान हकीम खाँ सूरी की समाधि (मजार) कहाँ स्थित है?

Ans. खमनोर गाँव के रक्त तलाई के मैदान में

7. हल्दीघाटी के पास स्थित खमनोर गाँव के रक्त तलाई के मैदान में ग्वालियर के किस राजकुमार ने अपने प्राण उत्सर्ग किए जिसकी समाधि (छतरी) भी वहाँ स्थित है?

Ans. राम सिंह तंवर

8. हल्दीघाटी युद्ध के शुरू होने से पूर्व अकबर की शाही सेना ने जिस स्थान पर डेरा डाला था, उसे क्या कहा जाता है?

Ans. शाही बाग

9. राणा प्रताप के घोड़े की समाधि कहाँ स्थित है?

Ans. हल्दीघाटी में

10. हल्दीघाटी युद्ध में प्रताप के घोड़े चेतक घायल हो जाने पर परिस्थिति को समझते हुए किस वीर राजपूत ने राजचिन्ह और ध्वज अपने हाथ में ले लिया और प्रताप के स्थान पर स्वयं लड़ कर प्रताप को युद्ध मैदान से बाहर निकाला था?


Ans. राजराणा वीदा (झाला मान)

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West Bengal General Knowledge

West Bengal

Particulars	Description
Area	88,752 sq. km
Population	8,01,76,197
Capital	Kolkata
Principal Languages	Bengali

History and Geography

Bengal finds a coveted place even in pre-historic times. At the time of Alexander's invasion a powerful kingdom called Gangaridai ruled over Bengal. Ascendancy of the Guptas and the Mauryas had somewhat little effect on Bengal. Later Sasanka became King of Bengal and is said to have played an important role in North-Eastern India in the early half of the seventh century. He was succeeded by Gopala, who founded the Pala dynasty, which ruled for centuries and had created a huge empire. The Palas were followed by the Sena dynasty which was ended by Muslim rulers from Delhi. Bengal was ruled by various Muslim rulers and governors till the Mughal period in sixteenth century.

After the Mughals, history of modern Bengal begins with the advent of European and English trading companies. Battle of Plassey in 1757 changed the course of history when the English first gained a strong foothold in Bengal and India. In 1905 it was partitioned to achieve some political returns but people's growing movement under the auspices of Congress led to the reunion in 1911. This triggered off hectic movement for freedom which culminated with Independence in 1947, and partition.

After 1947, the merger of native princely states began which ended with its final reorganisation in 1956 (as per Recommendations of the States Reorganisation Act, 1956) when some Bengali speaking areas of a neighbouring State were transferred to West Bengal.

The land frontiers of the State touch Bangladesh in the east and are separated from Nepal in the west, Bhutan lies in the north-east, while Sikkim is on the north. On the west are the States of Bihar and Jharkhand, while on the South lies Orissa.

Agriculture

Agriculture plays a pivotal role in the State's economy and nearly three out of every four persons is directly or indirectly involved in agriculture. The total food production in the State in 2007-08, was 16060.0 thousand tonnes. During 2007-08, the production of rice was 14719.2 thousand tonnes, of wheat 917.3 thousand tonnes and of pulses 158.0 thousand tonnes respectively. The production of oilseeds during the same period was 705.7 thousand tonnes and of potato 9900.89 thousand tonnes. The production of jute was 8216.0 thousand bales in 2007-08

Industry

In 2008, 187 projects with a total investment of Rs.4060.78 crore were implemented in the State. The index of industrial production (Base 1993-94 =100) of West Bengal has been consistently rising from 132.8 in 2001-02 to 200.8 in 2007-08. Despite economic recession, industrial production index in West Bengal grew by 4.0 per cent in 2007-08 over previous year. Within the industrial sector the rates of growth of manufacturing sector it may be noted, have been quite impressive over the years. The contribution of manufacturing sector was 7.9 per cent in 2007-08.

The salient features of the State policy on industrial promotion and economic development are to welcome foreign technology and investment, private sector investment in power generation, improvement and upgradation of industrial infrastructure. The thrust areas are petrochemicals and downstream industries, electronics and information technology, iron and steel, metallurgical and engineering, textile, leather and leather products, food processing, medicinal plants, edible oil, vegetable processing and aquaculture.

In the recent years the flow of investment in the districts like Bankura, Midnapur, Burdwan and Purulia has been quite impressive. In 2007 highest amount of investment, Rs.1532.52 crore took place in chemical and petrochemical sector, followed by Rs.1359.62 crore in iron and steel sector, Rs.705.13 crore in food processing sector, Rs.471.26 crore in engineering industry, Rs.328.51 crore in software and other services sector.

The State Government has continued its effort for accelerating the process of industrialisation with the State implementing 42 numbers of industrial Entrepreneur Memorandums (IEMs) with an additional employment generation of 4535 persons in 2007, in the iron and steel sector.

Several companies like JSW Bengal, Bhusan Steel Limited, Jai Balaji, Videocon groups will set up integrated steel, cement and captive power plants in the State. Apart from JSW Bengal some of the important approvals received in the sponge iron and steel sector during the period include-5 million tonnes per annum (TPA) steel plant of Jai Balaji group involving investment of Rs.7737 crore at Purulia, 1.1 million TPA steel plant of Adhunik Corporation involving an investment of Rs.1850 crore at Raghunathpur in Purulia, 0.6 million TPA steel plant at Kharagpur in Midnapore and 1.1 million TPA steel plant of Shyam Group involving investment of 910 crore, 2 million TPA steel plant of Shyam Sel Limited involving investment of Rs.1028 crore.

Apart from the above mentioned power projects of steel companies, the State received an important IEM for setting up of 1200 MW power plant by Bharat Aluminium Company at Raniganj.

Although the State has no linkage for iron ore supplies, the companies have decided to set up steel plants in the State and source the raw materials from neighboring states like Jharkhand and Orissa. Apart from these, the State government has also been making efforts to locate Petroleum, Chemical and Petrochemicals Investment Region (PCPIR) in the State, which has the potential to draw huge investments

Major investments are taking place in mine, steel plants, forging, pig iron etc. The easy availability of power, removal of freight equalisation, close proximity to areas with natural resources relevant to the industry, and a labour force, traditionally skilled in operating iron and steel units are factors that have influenced the surge in investment in this sector. In recent years, investment in the chemical and cement industry has also picked up.

After the commissioning of the Haldia Petrochemicals Limited (HPL) in 2000, downstream units in the plastic and other related industries were set up in the State and they are mostly engaged in manufacturing plastic items like buckets, containers, moulded furniture, battery containers, nylon nets, house wares etc. During 2008 an amount of Rs.138 crore has been invested in 67 HPL downstream units. Thus direct employment of 43863 persons was created till 2006-07. Indirect employment of 80044 persons was created.

The State Government has introduced policy reforms in several areas in conjunction with practical measures to sustain investor confidence; the State Government has introduced policy reforms in several areas. It has promulgated in a quick succession its policies on the development of industries in Biotechnology, Mines and Minerals, Information Technology and IT enabled services sectors. These policy statements have clearly enunciated the State Government objectives and outlined map to achieve them. Through WBIIDC and WBIDC the State Government has set up the leather complex, foundry, rubber, chemical, plasto-steel, light engineering, polymer, garments and jute parks. Setting up of industrial parks in the Paschim Medinipore, Bankura, Malda, Darjeeling, Jalpaiguri districts have been initiated.

The State Government is focused on developing Special Economic Zones (SEZs). It encourages hassle free manufacturing and trading for export promotion. Till March, 2008, 6 notified approvals have been issued by the Ministry of Commerce, Government of India. Around 80 per cent investment takes place in IT/ITES sector and 2 per cent in biotech sector. In West Bengal, there are three 3 functional Special Economic Zones- Falta (multi products zone), Manikanchan (Salt lake-gems and jewellery) and WIPRO (Salt Lake-IT/ITEs).

The Calcutta Leather Complex at Bantala has already been declared as a Special Economic Zone. It is a perfect model of public private partnership, spread over around 1,100 acres of land and is steadily emerging as one of the largest projects of its kind in the world.

The Food Processing Industries & Horticulture Department of the State Government promotes food-processing industries in the State. There is an increasing trend towards setting up of Food Processing Industries in West Bengal and in 2006-07, 67 projects with a total investment of Rs.336.18 crore were implemented in the food processing industries sector.

The State has identified the Information Technology (IT) sector as a priority sector for growth. The IT Hub at sector-V of Salt Lake is India's first fully integrated electronic complex spread over 150 acres of green pollution free area near airport. An estimated 15,000 new jobs were created in 2007-08. The gross value of export under software Technology Park in Kolkata has already touched Rs.4000 crore during 2007-08 as against Rs.2167 crore in 2005-06 and Rs.3169 crore in 2006-07.

Irrigation and Power

There are 7 major irrigation projects and 34 medium irrigation schemes being managed by the irrigation and Waterways Department of the State Government. Teesta Barrage Project and Subarnarekha Barrage Projects are the two major in-going schemes. A cumulative potential to the tune of 145020 hectares has been created from the Teesta Barrage Project upto 2007-08 against the ultimate potential of 527000 hectares. The Subarnarekha Barrage Project envisages the utilization of the share of water resources available from the river Subarnarekha as per the Tripartite Agreement with the Government of Bihar (presently Government of Jharkhand) and Orissa to irrigate an area of 99248 hectares in Kharif and 30766 hectares in Rabi in the districts of Paschim and Purba Medinipur of the State.

The State Government took up several Medium Irrigation Schemes in the districts of Bankura, Birbhum, Burdwan and Purulia. Out of the 32 schemes in Purulia, 25 schemes have been completed and 7 schemes are continuing, of which 2 schemes namely Patloi and Tatko Irrigation Schemes are included under modified programme of AIBP. The ultimate irrigation potential achieved through the completed medium irrigation schemes is 43,002 thousand hectares, whereas the ultimate irrigative potential of the on-going schemes is 8.21 thousand hectares.

The ultimate minor irrigation potential in the State has been estimated as 44.34 lakh hectares, out of which 31.34 lakh hectares are from ground water resources and 13.00 lakh hectares are from surface water resources. At the end of the Annual Plan of 2008-09, creation of irrigation potentials in the Minor Irrigation sector has been estimated to reach 40.20 lakh hectares, of which 27.47 lakh hectares through ground water resources and 12.73 lakh hectares through Surface Water Resources.

The electricity generating utilities in West Bengal in the State Sector are West Bengal Power Development Corporation Limited (WBPDECL), Durgapur Projects Limited (DPL) for thermal power generation, West Bengal State Electricity Distribution Company Limited (WBSEDCL) West Bengal State Electricity Distribution Company Limited, and Renewable Energy Development Agency (WBREDA) for non-conventional energy generation. Besides, Damodar Valley Corporation (DVC) and National Thermal Power Corporation (NPTC) in the Central Sector, CESC Limited and Disergarh Power Supply Corporation in the Private sector are the other power generating utilities in the State. Total generation of power produced by the state agencies was 16270.1 MU in 2008-09 (from April to October). The total number of Mouzas Electrified upto October 2008 is 37416 and in 2008-09 (upto October 2008) the total number of pump sets energized is 1,15,357.

Transport

Roads: : The length of roads as on 31 March 2002 was 91970 km including 1898 km national highways. The length of roads under State highway is 3533 km, under PWD 12565 km and that of the district roads are 42,479 km respectively.

Railways: The total length of railway route in the State in 2007-08 was 4561.93 km. Howrah, Asansol, Sealdah, Bandel, Bardhaman, Kharagpur and New Jalpaiguri are the main junctions.

Festivals

Durga Puja, West Bengal

Durga Puja is the most important festival along with Kali Puja or Diwali besides Vasant Panchami, Lakshmi Puja, Holi, Sivaratri, Janmasthami, Id-ul-Fitr, etc.

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Uttar Pradesh General Knowledge

Uttar Pradesh

Particulars	Description
Area	2,40,928 sq. km
Population	16,61,98,000
Capital	Lucknow
Principal Languages	Hindi and Urdu

History and Geography

The history of Uttar Pradesh is very ancient and interesting. It is recognised in the later Vedic Age as Brahmarshi Desha or Madhya Desha. Many great sages of the Vedic times like Bhardwaja, Gautam, Yagyavalkaya, Vashishtha, Vishwamitra and Valmiki flourished in this state. Several sacred books of the Aryans were also composed here. Two great epics of India, Ramayana and Mahabharata, appear to have been inspired by Uttar Pradesh.

In the sixth century B.C., Uttar Pradesh was associated with two new religions - Jainism and Buddhism. It was at Sarnath that Buddha preached his first sermon and laid the foundations of his order, and it was in Kushinagar in Uttar Pradesh, where Buddha breathed his last. Several centres in Uttar Pradesh like Ayodhya, Prayag, Varanasi and Mathura became reputed centres of learning. In the medieval period, Uttar Pradesh passed under Muslim rule and led the way to new synthesis of Hindu and Islamic cultures. Ramananda and his Muslim disciple Kabir, Tulsidas, Surdas and many other intellectuals contributed to the growth of Hindi and other languages.

Uttar Pradesh preserved its intellectual excellence even under the British administration. The British combined Agra and Oudh into one province and called it United Provinces of Agra and Oudh. The name was shortened to the United Provinces in 1935. In January 1950 the United Provinces was renamed as Uttar Pradesh.

The State is bound by Uttarakhand and Himachal Pradesh in the north, Haryana in the west, Madhya Pradesh in the South and Bihar in the east. Uttar Pradesh can be divided into two distinct regions (i) Southern Hills and (ii) Gangetic Plain.

Agriculture

Agriculture is the main occupation of 66 per cent of the population of the State. The net cultivated area in the state is 167.50 lakh hectares. In the year 2006-07 the State produced 260.27 lakh metric tonnes of wheat, 109.12 lakh metric tonnes of rice, 18.14 lakh metric tonnes of pulses and 7.54 lakh metric tonnes of oilseeds and 1309.22 lakh tonnes sugar cane. Total food grains production during 2006-2007 was 418.65 lakh metric tonnes.

Industry and Minerals

During the year 2006-07 there were 6, 12, 338 small-scale industrial units involving a total investment of Rs.7172 crore and employment opportunities for 2396 thousand persons. About 73.20 lakh tonnes of sugar was produced in the State during the year 2007-08. There were 68 textile units. Thirty-two automobile units with an investment of Rs.5,740 crore provided jobs to 20280 persons.

It is planned to develop 102 sectors of New Okhla Industrial Development Authority (NOIDA) by the year 2011. The Authority includes industrial sectors, housing sectors, group housing sectors, residential buildings, commercial assets and institutional sectors. Steps have been taken to develop other industrial areas in the state on the pattern of Noida and Greater Noida. A Software Technology Park has been set up in Kanpur while five more Software Parks are proposed to be set up.

Under the public sector, mining of limestone, magnetite, coal, rock phosphate, dolomite and silicon-sand is carried out. The bulk production of minor and some of the major minerals like limestone, silica-sand, magnetite, pyrophyllite and diaspore is mostly with the private sector. Important mineral based industries include large cement plants in Sonebhadra.

Irrigation and Power

UP Power Corporation, UP State Power Generation and UP Hydel Power Corporation had been formed by reorganising UP State Electricity Board on 14 January 2000.

During 2001-02 the total installation capacity was 4659 MW, in 2003-04 it was 4621 MW which has now been raised upto 4706 MW. During the year 2001-02 the total power production was 226330 lakh KW and in the year 2003-04 it was 228355.

Power is an important input to accelerate the process of economic growth. The installed capacity of re-organized Uttar Pradesh during Tenth Five Year Plan was 7821.82 MW. Only 56.6 per cent of 97135 villages were electrified and 7.88 lakh private tubewells were energised. At the time of inception the total installed capacity of UPSEB, including thermal and hydro, was 2,635 MW which has now been raised to 5414 MW (derated 5,885.75 MW).

An expenditure of Rs.2,094.5256 crore was made to raise the irrigation potential to a level of 267.99 lakh hectares. The irrigation potential created in U.P. was 319.12 lakh hectares till the end of 2004-05. Out of this only 231.61 lakh hectares could be utilised. Additional irrigation potential of 5.14 lakh hectares is expected to be created in the year 2005-06 and the target for 2006-07 is 7.41 lakh hectares.

Transport

Roads: The total road length of PWD in the State is 131969 km. This includes 3794 km of national highways, 8449 km of state highways, 119726 of other district roads and 72,931 km of rural roads.

Railways: Lucknow is the main junction of the northern network. Other important railway junctions are Agra, Kanpur, Allahabad, Mughalsarai, Jhansi, Moradabad, Varanasi, Tundla, Gorakhpur, Gonda, Faizabad, Bareilly and Sitapur.

Aviation: There are airports at Lucknow, Kanpur, Varanasi, Allahabad, Agra, Jhansi, Bareilly, Hindon (Ghaziabad), Gorakhpur, Sarsawa (Saharanpur) and Fursatganj (Rae-Barelli).

Festivals

Kumbh Mela, Allahabad

The biggest congregation, perhaps of the world, Kumbha Mela is held at Allahabad every twelfth year and Ardh kumbh Mela every sixth year. Magh Mela is also held at Allahabad in January when the people come in large number to have a dip in the holy Sangam.

Among other fairs is the fortnight long Jhoola fair of Mathura, Vrindavan and Ayodhya, when dolls are placed in gold and silver jhoolas or cradles. A dip in the Ganga on Kartik Poornamasi is supposed to be the holiest and there are big congregations at Garhmukteshwar, Soran, Rajghat, Kakora, Bithur, Kanpur, Allahabad, Varanasi and Ayodhya. A famous cattle fair is held at Bateswar in Agra district.

Dewa in Barabanki district has became famous because of the Muslim saint Waris Ali Shah. Besides, important festivals of the Hindus, Muslims, etc., are widely celebrated in the State.

Tourist Centres

Taj Mahal, Agra

Uttar Pradesh has varied attractions for all kinds of tourists. Besides ancient places of pilgrimage like Varanasi, Vindhyachal, Ayodhya, Chitrakoot, Prayag, Naimisharanya, Mathura, Vrindavan, Dewa Sharief, Dargah of Sheikh Saleem Chisti in Fatehpur Sikri, Sarnath, Shravasti, Kushinagar, Sankisa, Kampil, Piprahwa and Kaushambi, places like Agra, Ayodhya, Sarnath, Varanasi, Lucknow, Jhansi, Gorakhpur, Jaunpur, Kannauj, Mahoba, Devgarh, Bithur, and Vindhyachal have rich treasures of Hindu and Islamic architecture and culture.

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Uttarakhand General Knowledge

Uttarakhand

Particulars	Description
Area	53,484 sq. km
Population	84,89,349
Capital	Dehradun
Principal Languages	Hindi, Garhwali, Kumaoni

History and Geography

Uttarakhand finds mention in the ancient Hindu scriptures as Kedarkhand, Manaskhand and Himavant. The Kushanas, Kunindas, Kanishka, Samudra Gupta, the Pauravas, Katuris, Palas, the Chandras and Panwars and the British have ruled it in turns. It is often called the Land of the Gods (Dev Bhoomi) because of its various holy places and abundant shrines. The hilly regions of Uttarakhand offer pristine landscapes to the tourists.

The State of Uttarakhand was earlier a part of the United Province of Agra and Awadh, which came into existence in 1902. In 1935, the name of State was shortened to the United Province. In January 1950, the United Province was renamed as Uttar Pradesh and Uttaranchal remained a part of Uttar Pradesh before it was carved out of Uttar Pradesh on 09 November 2000. It is incepted as the 27^th State of India.

Located in the foothills of the Himalayas, the State has international boundaries with China (Tibet) in the north and Nepal in the east. On its North-West lies Himachal Pradesh, while on the south is Uttar Pradesh.

Agriculture

About 90 per cent of the population of Uttarakhand depends on agriculture. The total cultivated area in the State is 7, 67, 571 hectares.

Industry and Minerals

The State is rich in mineral deposits like limestone, marble, rock phosphate, dolomite, magnesite, copper graphite, gypsum, etc. The number of small-scale industries is 34,231 providing employment to 1,77,677 persons, with an investment of Rs.14,965,67 crore

Irrigation and Energy

Agricultural land under irrigation is 5, 49, 381 hectares. The State has excellent potential for hydropower generation. There are a number of hydro-electric projects on the rivers Yamuna, Bhagirathi, Bhilangana, Alaknanda, Mandakini, Saryu Gauri, Kosi and Kali generating electricity. Total hydropower potential approximately 25,450 MW. Projects allotted to various agencies 13,667 MW. Out of 15,761 villages, 15,241 villages have been electrified.

Transport

Roads: The total length of metalled roads in Uttarakhand is 29,939 km. The length of PWD roads is 22,623 km. The length of roads built by local bodies is 15,041 km.

Railways: The main railway stations are Dehradun, Hardwar, Roorkee, Kotdwar, Kashipur, Udhamsingh Nagar, Haldwani, Ramnagar and Kathgodam.

Aviation: There are air strips at Jolly Grant (Dehradun), and Pantnagar (Udham Singh Nagar). Air strips at Naini-Seni (Pithoragarh), Gauchar (Chamoli) and Chinyalisaur (Uttarkashi) are under construction. From this year Pawan Hans Ltd., has started helicopter service from Rudraprayag to Kedarnath for pilgrims.

Festivals

The world-famous Kumbh Mela/Ardh Kumbh Mela is held at Hardwar at every twelfth/sixth year interval. Other prominent fairs/festivals are : Devidhura Mela (Champawat), Purnagiri Mela (Champawat), Nanda Devi Mela (Almora), Gauchar Mela (Chamoli), Baisakhi (Uttarkashi), Magha Mela (Uttarkashi), Uttaraini Mela (Bageshwar), Vishu Mela (Jaunsar Bhabar), Peerane-Kaliyar (Roorkee), and Nanda Devi Raj Jat Yatra held every twelfth year.

Tourist Centres

Kedarnath Temple

Nainital

Prominent places of pilgrimage/tourist interests are Gangotri, Yamunotri. Badrinath, Kedarnath, Hardwar, Rishikesh, Hemkund Sahib, Nanakmatta, etc. Kailash Mansarovar Yatra can be performed through Kumaon region. The world-famous Valley of Flowers, Pindari Glacier, Roop Kund, Dayara Bugyal, Auli, and hill stations like Mussoorie, Dehradun, Chakrata, Nainital, Ranikhet, Bageshwar, Bhimtal, Kausani, and Lansdowne etc. are the other tourist destinations.

Source: India 2010

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Tripura General Knowledge

Tripura

Particulars	Description
Area	10,491.69 km2
Population	31,91,168 (Census-2001)
Capital	Agartala
Principal Languages	Bengali and Kokborok

Tripura: At a Glance

Tripura is a state in North-East India which borders Bangladesh, Mizoram and Assam. It is surrounded by Bangladesh on its north, south and west: the length of its international border is 856 km (84 per cent of its total border). It shares a 53 km long border with Assam and a 109 km long border with Mizoram. The state is connected with the rest of India by only one road (NH-44) that runs through the hills to the border of Karimganj District in Assam and then winds through the states of Meghalaya, Assam and North Bengal to Calcutta.

Particulars	Description
Other Languages	English, Hindi, Manipuri, Chakma
Altitude	12.80 meters
Temperature	Summer :20 to 36° C. Winter :7 to 27° C. Winter 2°. C Min
Rainy Season	June to August
Average rainfall	2500 mm per annum
International Border	856 Km.
Literacy rate	73.66% ( As recorded in 2001 Census)

At the time of Tripura's merger with effect from October 15 1949 with the Indian Union, the major mode of farming was shifting cultivation or 'jhum', which produced little surplus. A small proportion of the plain lands of the State were under settled agriculture undertaken by Bengalis, and the main crop was rice. Most of the plain lands of the State were not under cultivation and were covered with cane-brakes and marshes. Thus at the time of formation of the State, the economy was predominantly agricultural and forest-based, with no industrial base, a low level of urbanization and limited infrastructure.

For administrative convenience and decentralisation of power Tripura which had once been a single district only is now divided into altogether four districts, seventeen subdivisions and forty rural development blocks. Besides, a special feature of the state is the vibrant existence of an Autonomous District Council (ADC) for tribals based on 6th schedule of the Indian constitution. The ADC in Tripura encompasses 68.10% of the state's total geographical territory and is home to roughly one third of the state's population.

For further information navigate to: http://destripura.nic.in/tripuraGlance2009.pdf (File referring to external site opens in a new window)

Source: National Portal Content Management Team, 

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Tamil Nadu General Knowledge

Tamil Nadu

Particulars	Description
Area	1,30,058 sq. km
Population	6,24,05,679
Capital	Chennai
Principal Languages	Tamil

History and Geography

Tamil Nadu has a hoary antiquity. Though early sangam classics throw historical references, it is only from the Pallavas we pass to recorded history.

South India had remained under the hegemony of the Cholas, the Cheras and the Pandyas for centuries. The Pallavas held supremacy from about the second quarter of the fourth century AD. They were the originators of the famous Dravidian style of temple architecture. The last Pallava ruler was Aparajita in whose reign the later Cholas under Vijayalaya and Aditya asserted themselves by about the 10^th century. At the end of the 11^th century, Tamil Nadu was ruled by several dynasties like the Chalukyas, Cholas and Pandyas. In the two centuries that followed, the imperial Cholas gained paramountcy over South India.

Muslims gradually strengthened their position, which led to the establishment of the Bahamani Sultanate, by the middle of the 14^th century. At the same time, the Vijayanagar Kingdom quickly consolidated itself and extended its sway over the whole of South India and at the close of the century and became the supreme power in South. However, it crumbled at the battle of Talikota in 1564 to the confederate forces of the Deccan Sultans.

Even during the period of the tumultuous confusion that followed the battle of Talikota, European commercial interest had appeared as rivals in the area of South India. The Portuguese, the Dutch, the French and the English came in quick succession and established trading centres known as 'Factories'. East India Company which had established their factory at Masulipatnam, now in Andhra Pradesh, in 1611 gradually annexed territories by encouraging enmity among the native rulers. Tamil Nadu was one of the first of British settlements in India. The State is the successor to the old Madras Presidency which in 1901 covered the bulk of the southern peninsula. The composite Madras State was later reorganised and the present Tamil Nadu was formed.

Tamil Nadu is bounded on north by Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka on west by Kerala, on east by the Bay of Bengal and on South by the Indian Ocean

Agriculture

Agriculture is the major occupation in Tamil Nadu. The total cultivated area in the State was 58.15 lakh hectares in 2007-08. The principal food crops include paddy, millets and pulses. Commercial crops include sugarcane, cotton, sunflower, coconut, cashew, chillies, gingelly and groundnut. Plantation crops are tea, coffee, cardamom and rubber. Major forest produces are timber, sandalwood, pulp wood and fuel wood. Tamil Nadu occupies a premier position in the production and extensive application of bio-fertilizers. Efforts are on to improve farming technologies so as to increase yields in the low rainfall areas of the State. Annual food grains production in the year 2007-08 was 65.81 lakh Mt.

Industry and Minerals

Major industries in the State are cotton, heavy commercial vehicles, auto components, railway coaches, power pumps, leather tanning industries, cement, sugar, paper, automobiles and safety matches.

Knowledge-based industries like I.T. and Biotechnology have become the thrust area in the industrial scene in Tamil Nadu. TIDEL, a software technology park, has been established in Tharamani, Chennai. The Software export from the State which was Rs.20,700 crore in 2006-07 is expected to cross Rs.25,000 crore in 2007-08. Top I.T. and Telecom companies such as Nokia, Motorola, Foxcon, Flextronic and Dell have commenced production.

Global auto majors Hyundai Motors, Ford, Hindustan Motors and Mitsubishi have commenced production plants. Ashok Leyland and TAFE have set up expansion plants in Chennai.

Main mineral wealth of the state is granite, lignite and limestone. The State is an important exporter of tanned skin and leather goods, yarn, tea, coffee, spices, engineering goods, tobacco, handicrafts and black granite. Tamil Nadu contributes to 60 per cent of the tannery industry in India.

Irrigation

The State has rolled out important irrigation schemes. Modernisation of existing Periyar Vaigai System, Palar Basin System and Parambikulam-Aliyar System, besides the minor system in Vellar, Pennayar, Araniyar Amaravathi, Chithar basins totalling, an extent of six lakh acres of existing ayacut in Tamil Nadu, have been benefited by implementing the 'System Improvement and Farmers Turnover Projects' executed with assistance from World Bank. The World Bank has also approved Rs.2,547 crore for the Irrigated Agriculture Modernisation and Water Bodies Restoration Management Project. The Project covers about 6,17lakh ha. in 63 selected sub-basins throughout the State. Nine irrigation projects, which were just started and going on a slow progress, have been speeded up with adequate fund and guidance for early completion. The major irrigation system covering one-third of irrigated extent in Tamil Nadu, namely tank irrigation system has been given due regard for development under WRCP and 620 tanks maintained by Public Works Department falling under Palar, Vaigai and Tamaraparani Basins have been taken up for rehabilitation and improvement. This project is nearing completion to the maximum satisfaction of the farmers. This State has become the pioneer State to implement the system of 'River basin management' by an individual body consisting of officials and farmers, besides various representatives of the basin.

Power

The total installed capacity for electricity in the State is 10,214 MW as on 31.03.2009. The installed capacity of State Sector is 5,690 MW and that of Private Sector is 1,180 MW. Apart from this 2825 MW is available as share from Central Sector, 305 MW is obtained from external assistance and 214 MW from Captive Power Plants. Apart from this wind mills from the private sector provide 4270 MW and 466.10 MW is received from co-generation plants and 109.55 MW from Bio-mass plants.

As on 31.03.2009, there are 1259 sub stations, 1.64 lakh Ckt. kms of Extra High Tension/High Tension lines, 5.26 lakh kms of low tension lines, 1.86 distribution transformers and 203.87 lakh service connections.

Transport

Roads: The length of roads network in Tamil Nadu is 61,641 km.

Railways: The total length of railways is 3,927 km and the main junctions stations are Chennai, Madurai, Tiruchirapalli, Coimbatore, Tirunelveli, Salem, Erode and Arakkonam.

Aviation: Chennai, being the international airport in the southern region, is the main centre of airline routes. Besides, there are airports at Tiruchirapalli, Madurai, Coimbatore and Salem.

Ports: Major ports in the State are Chennai, Egmore and Tuticorin. There are seven other minor ports including Cuddalore and Nagapattinam.

Festivals

Bharatnatyam Dance

Pongal is the harvest festival celebrated by the farmers in January to worship the sun, the earth and the cattle as thanks giving for a bounteous harvest. Pongal festival is followed by the Jallikattu-Bull fight, in some parts of southern Tamil Nadu. Alanganallur in Tamil Nadu is internationally famous for Jallikattu - Bull fight. Chithirai festival, Madurai brings a spectacular re-enactment of the marriage of the Pandiyan princess Meenakshi to Lord Sundareswarar. Adipperukku is a festival celebrated on the 18^th day of Tamil month, Adi, on the banks of rivers. It marks the commencement of new farming operations. Dance Festival, Mamallapuram, which is set before an open air stage, created 13 centuries ago the incredible monolithic rock sculptures of the Pallavas, next to the sea in this ancient city of Mamallapuram. Bharatha Natyam, Kuchipudi, Kathakali, and Odissi are some dance forms presented by the very best exponents of the art besides folk dances. At the Natyanjali Dance Festival, the temple city of Chidambaram pays special tribute to Lord Nataraja the 'Cosmic Dancer'.

Kanthuri festival: is a truly secular festival, where devotees flock to the shrine of saint Quadirwali. One of the descendants of the Saint is chosen as a Peer or spiritual leader, and is honoured with offerings. On the tenth day of the festival, the Saint's tomb is anointed with sandalwood and later the holy sandal paste is distributed to everyone.

Velankanni festival: Wondrous legends surround the church, the most famous being that of the ship wrecked Portuguese sailors, who in the 16th century, vowed to build a great shrine for the Virgin Mary, for saving their lives in a terrible storm. The Velankanni festival attracts thousands, clad in orange robes to the sacred spot where the ship landed. Equally famous are the Virgin Mary's miraculous healing powers - earning for the church the name 'Lourdes of the East'.

Navarathiri festival: Literally, this means the festival of 'nine nights' taking unique and different forms in different states of India - all to propitiate the goddess Sakthi, for power, wealth and knowledge. Music Festival: In December Chennai celebrates her priceless heritage of carnatic music and dance to present a galaxy of star artistes, old and new.

Tourist Centres

Meenakshi Temple, Madurai

Some of the places of tourist interest are: Chennai, Mamallapuram, Poompuhar, Kancheepuram, Kumbakonam, Dharasuram, Chidambaram, Tiruvannamalai, Srirangam, Madurai, Rameswaram, Tirunelveli, Kanniyakumari, Thanjavur, Velankanni, Nagoor, Chithannavasal, Kazhugumalai (monument centres), Courtallam, Hogenakkal, Papanasam, Suruli (water-falls), Ooty (Udhagamandalam), Kodaikanal, Yercaud, Elagiri Kolli Hills (hill stations), Guindy (Chennai), Mudumalai, Annamalai, Mundanthurai, Kalakad (wild life sanctuaries), Vedanthangal and Point Calimere (bird sanctuaries), Arignar Anna Zoological Park, near Chennai.

Source: India 2010

 

State of India, Tamil Nadu current GK, Tamil Nadu GK, Tamil Nadu History, Tamil Nadu Geography, Tamil Nadu Tourist, About Tamil Nadu, Tamil Nadu General Knowledge, Tamil Nadu , Tamil Nadu Current Affairs ,

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